1. Basic nutritional needs of the horse. Fill in the blank.
mineral supplement, colic, alfalfa, weight loss, twice, salt, Mature, grain mix, free choice, 12, 10-15 pounds, Grass hay, warm, specific
Water Clean water must be available at all times. An average horse will consume up to ______ gallons of water daily, and even more when active. In the winter horses prefer to drink __________ (45-65 degrees) water. Horses can not eat enough snow to have adequate water consumption. Pasture Good quality pasture is always a great way to provide nutrition to a horse. Although even on high quality pasture horses should be given a _________________________. Horses on pasture only should be monitored closely for ___________________________ and supplemented with hay and grain when the pasture is going dormant or is over grazed. Hay An average horse eats about _____________________________ of hay daily (less if grazing on good quality pasture). Two hay choices are available: grass hay and legume hay. The most common hays fed are ____________________________ (which is a legume hay) and mixed grass hay. Alfalfa is high in protein and is suitable for horse with extremely high energy demands. ______________________ is lower in protein and is more suitable for average horses. Most grass hay can be fed ________________________ (unlimited amount). Since horses require a high amount of roughage, high quality grass hay is preferable. Of course each horse is an individual, some horses may need restricted diets even on grass hay. Grain A fortified ___________________________ can be fed in controlled quantities, based on horse's weight, age, and activity level. Horses can not be fed grain free choice as they can over eat and this can create a life threatening condition. ____________________________ horses that are not active might not require grain, although a good mineral supplement is required. Minerals Free choice ___________________ should be available for all horses or a mineral supplement for horses fed only hay. Some mineral supplements are not intended for horse consumption, only feed horse _____________________ supplements and salt blocks. Frequency Horses are grazing animals and should be fed at least ____________________ daily to help simulate their natural eating habits. This will encourage a healthy digestive tract and help cut down on the instances of ___________________.
2. Caring for tack. True or false. Use T for true and F for false.
______ Tack should be kept very dirty. ______ Simply take a small damp sponge (wring out most of the water) and put a small amount of soap on it and work it into the leather. ______ About once every 10 years you can apply a light coating of leather oil or conditioner, making sure not to get this on the seat if it is suede. ______ Cord girths must be kept very clean as they cause sores easily. ______ Even nylon girths or cinches are available with fleece sewn on one side, these too can usually be machine washed. ______ Some pads made of neoprene or similar material must be dry cleaned. ______ You want the pad to be "crusty" on the underside where it is on the horse...
3. Basic western class descriptions. Match the description with the correct class.
WESTERN PLEASURE WESTERN HORSEMANSHIP TRAIL REINING _____________________________________________Participants perform individually in this class. Horses are guided through an obstacle course by their riders. Some examples are: negotiating a gate while mounted; walking, trotting, or loping over ground poles; backing through poles or cones; and side passing over or around objects. Smoothness and ease of performance are evaluated. _____________________________________________Participants are in the arena together, and are asked to walk, jog, lope and reverse at the direction of the judge. While being judged, the horses stay on the perimeter of the arena and then are usually brought to the middle of the arena to back for the judge. Horses are evaluated on how well they move and how willingly they accept commands from their riders. Horse are shown on a loose rein at a slow rate of speed while maintaining a balanced gait. _____________________________________________In this class horses perform individually. Participants are required to follow a set pattern consisting of circles, straight lines, stops, spins, and roll-backs. This is a fast paced event that requires great almost invisible communication between the horse and rider. The horse must follow directions quickly without hesitation. _____________________________________________The rider, not the horse is judged in this event. First the riders complete a prescribed pattern individually at the walk, trot or lope. Then they ride as a group similar to in the western pleasure class. The rider’s body position and control of their horse are evaluated. The pattern should be executed with grace and ease. There rider should make the performance look effortless.
4. Basic hunt seat class descriptions. Match the description with the correct class.
HUNT SEAT EQUITATION HUNTER UNDER SADDLE HUNTER HACK _____________________________________________Participants jump two fences individually then are evaluated on the flat as in hunter under saddle. The horses’ way of going and style over fences are considered. _____________________________________________Participants are in the arena together, and are asked to walk, trot, canter and reverse at the direction of the judge. While being judged, the horses stay on the perimeter of the arena and then are usually brought to the middle of the arena to back for the judge. Horses are evaluated on how well they move and how willingly they accept commands from their riders. In this rail class a smooth free-flowing stride is advantageous. _____________________________________________The rider, not the horse is judged in this event. First the riders complete a prescribed pattern individually at the walk, trot or canter. Then they ride as a group similar to in the hunter under saddle class. The rider’s body position and control of their horse are evaluated. The pattern should be executed with grace and ease. There rider should make the performance look effortless.
5. 6 illnesses of the horse. Fill in the blank.
6. Definition of colic and symptoms. True or false. Use T for true and F for false.Tetanus, Encephalomyelitis, Influenza, West Nile Virus, Strangles, Rabies
____________________________Horse must be bitten by infected animal. Very rare in equine but mortality is 100%. Vaccination is recommended. __________________________Also referred to as "lockjaw". Caused by a bacteria that lives in the soil. This bacteria can enter the horse through open wounds. Symptoms are muscle stiffness and a noticed stiffening of the face and jaw muscles, hence the name "lockjaw". Mortality rate 80% (that means that 80% of horse that get Tetanus die). Vaccination is recommended. ___________________________Most common stains are Eastern and Western Encephalomyelitis. These viruses are introduced to the horse through mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, depression and loss of appetite. Mortality rate is 50% for the Western strain and 80% for the Eastern strain. Vaccination is recommended. ____________________________Extremely contagious but very treatable, this illness is spread from horse to horse by nose to nose contact or by the contamination of objects the injected horse has touched with its nose. Symptoms are high fever and the swelling of the lymph nodes under the jaw. Mortality rate is about 2% of treated cases and 15% in untreated cases. Vaccination is recommended. ___________________________This is a very contagious illness that is spread from horse to horse. Symptoms include cough, fever, nasal drainage, and loss of appetite. Mortality rate is low. Vaccination is available. ____________________________This is another form of Encephalomyelitis. Spread by mosquitoes that fed on infected birds. This disease is not passed from horse to horse. Symptoms include: fever, tremors, stumbling, and loss of appetite. Mortality rate is 30%. Vaccination is recommended.
______ Colic results in more equine deaths than any other illness. ______ The mortality rate is about 100%. ______ Colic itself is a disease. ______ The pain associated with colic is usually based in the intestines or stomach. ______ Horses can eat anything without getting sick. ______ All cases of colic should be monitored closely. ______ Symptoms of colic include: loss of appetite, rolling repeatedly, turning head towards stomach or flank Prevention ______ Always provide clean water, and plenty of roughage (hay). ______ Overfeed grain or high energy supplements. ______ Be consistent in daily feeding schedule by feeding at the same time and same amount every day. ______ Parasite infestation will not hurt your horse.